Folate deficiency is rare in the US, but doctors say it can cause anemia that leads to fatigue and weakness, and sometimes headaches. Severe deficiency has also been associated with cognitive changes; these symptoms have other possible causes, and a blood test can measure folate.
Doctors interviewed said deficiency is uncommon in the US, where many foods are fortified. Risk is higher with chronic heavy alcohol use and conditions such as celiac disease or inflammatory bowel disease that impede nutrient absorption. Pregnancy also raises folate needs.
The NIH recommends 400 micrograms of dietary folate equivalents a day for nonpregnant US adults. Folate is found in foods including beans, spinach and fortified cereals; a dietitian interviewed said women who are pregnant or trying to become pregnant are among those who may benefit from supplements.
